Cambodia Khmer
Khmer Empire , ancient kingdom of SE Asia. In the 6th century the Cambodians, or Khmers, established an empire roughly corresponding to modern Cambodia and Loas. Divided during the 8th cent., it was reunited under the rule of Jayavarman II in the early 9th cent.; the capital was established in the area of Ankor by the king Yasovarman I. The Angkor period (889-1434), the golden age of Khmer civilization, saw the empire at its greatest extent; it held sway over the valleys of the lower Menam (in present-day Thailand) and the lower Mekong (present-day Cambodia and Vietnam), as well parts of Loas. The Khmer civilization was largely formed by Indian cultural influences. Buddhism flourished side by side with the worship of Shiva and of other Hindu gods, while both religions coalesced with the cult of the deified king. In the Angkor period many Indian scholars, artists, and religious teachers were attracted to the Khmer court, and Sanskcrit literature flourished with royal patronage. The great achievement of the Khmers was in architecture, sculpture and metal work. Khmer architecture reached its height with the construction of Angkor Wat by Suryavarman II (r. 1113-50) and Angkor Thom by Jayavarman VII (r. 1181-c.1218). Sculpture and metal work, prospered at Angkor. The Khmers fought repeated wars against the Annamese and the Chams; in the early 12th cent. they invaded Champa, but, in 1177, Angkor was sacked by the Chams. After the founding of Ayuthia (c.1350), Cambodia was subjected to repeated invasions from Thailand, and the Khmer power declined. In 1434, after the Thai captured Angkor, the capital was transferred to Phnom Penh this event marks the end of the brilliance of the Khmer civilization.
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Khmer Empire , ancient kingdom of SE Asia. In the 6th century the Cambodians, or Khmers, established an empire roughly corresponding to modern Cambodia and Loas. Divided during the 8th cent., it was reunited under the rule of Jayavarman II in the early 9th cent.; the capital was established in the area of Ankor by the king Yasovarman I. The Angkor period (889-1434), the golden age of Khmer civilization, saw the empire at its greatest extent; it held sway over the valleys of the lower Menam (in present-day Thailand) and the lower Mekong (present-day Cambodia and Vietnam), as well parts of Loas. The Khmer civilization was largely formed by Indian cultural influences. Buddhism flourished side by side with the worship of Shiva and of other Hindu gods, while both religions coalesced with the cult of the deified king. In the Angkor period many Indian scholars, artists, and religious teachers were attracted to the Khmer court, and Sanskcrit literature flourished with royal patronage. The great achievement of the Khmers was in architecture, sculpture and metal work. Khmer architecture reached its height with the construction of Angkor Wat by Suryavarman II (r. 1113-50) and Angkor Thom by Jayavarman VII (r. 1181-c.1218). Sculpture and metal work, prospered at Angkor. The Khmers fought repeated wars against the Annamese and the Chams; in the early 12th cent. they invaded Champa, but, in 1177, Angkor was sacked by the Chams. After the founding of Ayuthia (c.1350), Cambodia was subjected to repeated invasions from Thailand, and the Khmer power declined. In 1434, after the Thai captured Angkor, the capital was transferred to Phnom Penh this event marks the end of the brilliance of the Khmer civilization.
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